Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Report Analysis Research Paper

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Report Analysis - Research Paper Example It is information based and targets utilizing its center abilities or aptitudes with the goal that they may expand the comprehension of the worldwide patterns in CSR. Hershey’s procedure, which is established on the company’s esteem, is available to changes and spotlights on associations that are in arrangement with their way of life, helps the organization in propelling their developing worldwide organizations. Hershey’s has additionally collaborated with a few organizations in the explaining issues emerging from environmental change, asset shortage and human rights. The company’s the executives has acknowledged there is a requirement for them to proactively understand and address their neighbor’s issues while working with them. Hershey’s has additionally been gaining critical ground in the accomplishment of their CSR objectives while building economical stages for guaranteeing the company’s development. This has been accomplished thr ough the establishment of solid convictions in the company’s values and particular legacy. The crucial rules that control the company’s CSR technique to progress are established on ability or asset the board and capable sourcing. In dealing with the company’s CSR technique, they utilize skilled or experienced groups, a mindful or drew in workforce, renewed business methodologies and ice cream parlor items that are world-class. Hershey’s has had an effect on seventy nations in Asia, America and South America using compelling advertising, deal, appropriation alongside assembling activities. At long last, the company’s CSR procedures center around their commercial centers, the earth, working environments and the network (The Hershey Company, 2011). B. Brief Summary of the Report, Noting Significant Achievements, Actions and Goals. The report gives data on the company’s profile and the methodologies of accomplishing their CSR targets. It additio nally gives their CSR’s towards the commercial centers, condition, work environments and the network. The report gives that the company’s objectives incorporate creating top notch items or selling them at reasonable costs and giving work that is important while offering reasonable wages to their representatives. Its different objectives incorporate offering back to the networks in their regions of activity and being acceptable stewards of land and the assets got from it. The report shows that the organization has had the option to dispatch manufacturing plants in America, Asia and Latin America to empower them to deal with their business sectors all the more successfully. They have likewise made progress in different activities in the nonmanufacturing division by opening up managerial workplaces in different pieces of the globe which incorporate Japan, Singapore, Dubai and the Philippines. The organization report specifies that it has additionally figured out how to gr ow their hotspot for crude materials to nations like Nicaragua, Cameroon, Cote d’ivoire, Indonesia and Jamaica. Its reports show that the organization has had the option to pick up their clients trust and have likewise expanded their exploration endeavors so as to fulfill their customer’s needs more suitably. Moreover, it shows that the organization has had the option to fulfill their representatives in this way enhancing their profitability while giving appropriate comes back to the speculators. These accomplishments have thus empowered Hershey’s to intently team up with its colleagues in discovering answers for the issues that the extraordinary

Small Company Y2k Report Essays - Calendars, Software Bugs, COBOL

Little Company Y2k Report Essays - Calendars, Software Bugs, COBOL Little Company Y2k Report Chapter by chapter list 1. Presentation 2. Testing Procedure 3. Equipment and Software Compliance 4. Synopsis 1. Presentation Year 2000, Y2K or Millennium Bug! What's going on here? It is an issue coming about because of the normal programming practice of utilizing just two-digits to store the year in programming. The training goes back to the 1950's when PCs started to be utilized for business purposes. Utilizing two digits for dates is considerate and causes no mischief insofar as the following year is a bigger number than the present year. For instance programming applications that utilization dates have no issue with the arrangement of 95,96,97,98 and 99. Be that as it may, when the century closes, the year 2000 will be put away as 00. Counts or choices, in light of dates or timespans, can turn out badly. How is it fixed? Inregard to individual and independent company PCs, the issue is three overlay. Right off the bat, the PC equipment must report the present date accurately. Numerous PCs, particularly early Pentiums, 486, 386 and 286 based machines, will on the first January 2000 Return to 1 April 1980 or some other date. Along these lines making a potential issue until the right date is returned - gave obviously that the PC can be set physically to a date past 311299. Computation of Leap Year dates may likewise be erroneous on certain PCs. Furthermore, the PC programming must complete the right counts dependent on a four-digit year (for example 1999 or 2000 and so on) as opposed to simply utilizing the last two digits. The provider or producer of the product ought to be drawn closer to determine the consistence of their code, or their timetable to have it revised and dispersed. Thirdly, your information must be in the right organization - to be specific year depicted as a four-digit number. On the off chance that your dates have been entered as depicted over (that is fifteenth Feb 1955 entered as 150255), at that point you have an information change to be done. Testing Procedure To decide whether Windows NT 4.0 ,Win95 and would move to the suitable date, the control board applet DATE&TIME(d&t) was utilized to change the dates. The machines d&t were set to the day preceding each date sketched out in the reminder. The machine date was changed to a control time of 11:59:45 PM for each situation. The machine date was then permitted to move to the date being referred to. The machine d&t was then reset to the past date and control time. This time the machine was rebooted while the time was moving to the date being referred to. For each situation, after the time rolled, the date was checked to locate the right date. WinNT and Win95 Explorer was then opened and a document in the 'c:winnt' and 'c:windows' registry was changed to check whether a spared record related with the right date. The information from these tests is characterized in the accompanying table. 'Information and Time Tested' segment are the Control esteems found in the notice. Both 'Post Test Date' sections are the dates found in each occurrence after the date moved from the 'Date&Time Tested' segment to the date being referred to. The 'Post Explorer check' was tried to check whether the machine announced the perfect time. 'Post alteration dates' are document dates after the record was spared to check the relating date. In each test, no issues with the d&t were experienced. Results: The testing really made a few unique things happen to the OS. At whatever point I rolled the date forward, The accompanying indexes changed the date related with them: Windows NT Test C:Winnt, C:WinntSystem32, C:WinntFonts, C:Temp. Windows 95 Test C:Windows, C:WindowsSystem, C:WindowsFonts, C:Temp This appeared to be peculiar in light of the fact that the machine time stamp wouldn't move back when the time was changed in reverse, however this isn't a piece of the test strategy. At the point when the time really changes the date will move forward and remain. It won't roll in reverse. I don't have a clue whether this influences the testing however it would be absolutely difficult to revamp the machine each time the test was run. This would take numerous hours to do and it most likely won't influence the information in any case. Before I began testing, I looked on the Internet to perceive the thing Microsoft said about WinNT 4.0, Win95 and the y2k issue. On this site, there are connections to all Microsoft Products. For WinNT 4.0, there were 4

Minimalist Rulebook 16 Rules for Living with Less

Minimalist Rulebook 16 Rules for Living with Less When it comes to letting go, I wish I could hand you a list of the 100 items you’re supposed to own to be a minimalist. But minimalism doesn’t work like that. What brings value to my life could very well get in the way of yours. Further, the things that once added value may not continue to add value, so we must constantly question not only the things we acquire but the things we hold on to. Because minimalism is not an antidote to desire, and because, like most people, Ryan and I still act on impulse, we’ve created sixteen rules and tactics we use to help stave off the tug of consumerism and get organizedâ€"including the No Junk Rule, the Seasonality Rule, and fourteen othersâ€"all of which are compiled in our new ebook, Minimalist Rulebook: 16 Rules for Living with Less, which you can download for free below. How about you? Do you have any minimalism tips or rules you live by? Text me at 937-202-4654 and let me know (yes, that’s really my phone number). Free Ebook Minimalist RulebookSixteen rules for living with less. From our Photo-Scanning Rule to our Minimalist Gift-Giving Rule, this free ebook will help you simplify your life one rule at a time. Email* This iframe contains the logic required to handle Ajax powered Gravity Forms. jQuery(document).ready(function($){gformInitSpinner( 9, 'https://www.theminimalists.com/wp-content/themes/the-mins/images/spinner.gif' );jQuery('#gform_ajax_frame_9').on('load',function(){var contents = jQuery(this).contents().find('*').html();var is_postback = contents.indexOf('GF_AJAX_POSTBACK') >= 0;if(!is_postback){return;}var form_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_wrapper_9');var is_confirmation = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_confirmation_wrapper_9').length > 0;var is_redirect = contents.indexOf('gformRedirect(){') >= 0;var is_form = form_content.length > 0 var mt = parseInt(jQuery('html').css('margin-top'), 10) + parseInt(jQuery('body').css('margin-top'), 10) + 100;if(is_form){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').html(form_content.html());if(form_content.hasClass('gform_validation_error')){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').addClass('gform_validation_error');} else {jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').removeClass('gform_validation_error');}setTimeout( function() { /* delay the scroll by 50 milliseconds to fix a bug in chrome */ jQuery(document).scrollTop(jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').offset().top - mt); }, 50 );if(window['gformInitDatepicker']) {gformInitDatepicker();}if(window['gformInitPriceFields']) {gformInitPriceFields();}var current_page = jQuery('#gform_source_page_number_9').val();gformInitSpinner( 9, 'https://www.theminimalists.com/wp-content/themes/the-mins/images/spinner.gif' );jQuery(document).trigger('gform_page_loaded', [9, current_page]);window['gf_submitting_9'] = false;}else if(!is_redirect){var confirmation_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('.GF_AJAX_POSTBACK').html();if(!confirmation_content){confirmation_content = contents;}setTimeout(function(){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').replaceWith(confirmation_content);jQuery(document).scrollTop(jQuery('#gf_9').offset().top - mt);jQuery(document).trigger('gform_confirmation_loaded', [9]);window['gf_submitting_9'] = false;}, 50);}else{jQuery('#gform_9').append(contents);if(window['gformRe direct']) {gformRedirect();}}jQuery(document).trigger('gform_post_render', [9, current_page]);} );} ); jQuery(document).bind('gform_post_render', function(event, formId, currentPage){if(formId == 9) {if(typeof Placeholders != 'undefined'){ Placeholders.enable(); }} } );jQuery(document).bind('gform_post_conditional_logic', function(event, formId, fields, isInit){} ); jQuery(document).ready(function(){jQuery(document).trigger('gform_post_render', [9, 1]) } ); Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

How Effective Islamic Mortgage Market In The Uk Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 855 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? When I was started to write a report on how effective Islamic mortgage market in the UK, I was surprised that I have a very few knowledge about this subject being as a Muslim. It happened to most of the Muslims as it was described before and most of the Muslims do not know about and even keep confidence to go for the Islamic Sharia complaint products. One of the main principles of Islamic finance is Musharakah, profit-loss-sharing implication where if the bank makes a loss then the customer also have to share the loss. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Effective Islamic Mortgage Market In The Uk Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The Islamic financial institutes should take initiation to spread the knowledge and faith to all over the community both Muslim and non-Muslim as it is not like a religious activity and it may bring benefit in their financial life. Currently Islamic Mortgage in UK is in the beginning level and in the growth situation as analysed in the previous chapters. Now Islamic banks in the UK act as financial intermediaries providing capital for home purchase, they are not dealing in properties. However, it is to be commended that conventional regulators, moving with times, are helping to create a level playing field for the Islamic finance industry. The UK financial regulatory body, the Financial Services Authority (FSA) has clearly mentioned that it is not favouring nor discriminating in regulating Islamic banks. Because of the different nature of contracts there are practical problems for Islamic banks. For this reason most of the Islamic banks use Sharia-compliant instruments such as murabaha, ijara and diminishing musharakah, but not Sharia-based like mudarabah and musharakah. It was discussed in the previous chapters that the Islamic mortgage market remains positive, with all the Islamic financial lenders expending their business to attract more and more customers. The Islamic Bank of Britain remains competitive despite a loss in the last financial year and continues to develop its product portfolio by introducing new product home purchase plan, recently expanding its market out of the Muslim majority cities into the Scottish market. But the average Islamic mortgage customers will still have to pay more money to buy a home comparatively with the conventional mortgage for a property value of 150000. According to Sharia making money from money is called Riba, such as charging the interest, is usury and therefore it is not permitted. In order to be in Islamic Sharia complaint the mark-up cost or the marginal cost should be reduced so that general customers can be relieved from extra monetary burden. Present situation indicates that many conventional bank who are involved in interest (riba) based business adapting and developing Islamic Sharia complaint products with a different window to attract a minority community Muslim which is a niche market or they can use the interest free fair trade and ethical finance to attract the all human being. As it was shown, the UK can provide the highest numbers Islamic financial education providers in the world. These could be helpful to the people as well as the employees of the Islamic mortgage lenders. Same type of Islamic mortgage product are marketing in different rates by the different lenders where as Islam is the same to all believers. Difference in accounting standards and financial reporting standards should be resolved to get the transparency about the financial transactions. Many of the Islamic and the conventional providers online service is not clearly presented, so most of the people do not get the accurate rate and the calculation of lending expenses of the properties. It will make many people interesting about the product by providing uniform information and database materials by the Government departments and the Islamic financial institutions of the UK. There is a proposal to set up a central Sharia supervisory board in the UK in order to combine all the Islamic fina ncial rules and instrument together. As the UK Islamic financial services industry is still very small compared to some other countries in the World, it would be more practical and cost effective for the Islamic financial institutions in UK to adopt the standards of the existing international standard setting bodies like Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB), Accounting and Auditing Organisation for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI), International Islamic Rating Agency (IIRA), International Islamic Financial Market (IIFM) and Liquidity Management Centre (LMC). Areas for Further Research In this paper, I have presented How effective Islamic mortgage market in the UK. The concept of Islamic mortgage, the growth, limitation of Islamic financial instruments and other relevant topics were discussed to get a conclusion. There are many other Islamic financial instruments and Islamic financial products like Sukuk (Bond) market which is another fastest growing Islamic product in the UK and another one is Takaful (Insurance) is not so much familiar with the general people of this country. There are some difficulties of Islamic finance to comply with the regulation, legal frame work, the financial reporting standards and audit assurance of this country and different parts of the World. So in near future extensive, exclusive research and in-depth analysis may be taken to adapt these principles with the Islamic finance.

The Married Life - 1132 Words

Marriage is crucial to all adults. Couples need to value their marriage so that they can remain happy and enjoy life while they are married. For a family to be well established, the couples need to place more value in their marriages. The reason why most families break up is that most of the couples do not value or prioritize their family issues. Most of the couples take their personal interests as their first priority, which make them to neglect their families and this becomes the source of conflict. A good example is seen in families where the husband loves football more than his family thus, he spends a lot of time watching football. Such a husband will most likely neglect his family because family just in order to enjoy watching football. If there are problems in such a family, the wife will not solve them alone, as she requires the husband’s effort. For a family to live well, both husband and wife need to commit themselves to each other first in their relationship. This i s very important in every marriage because good relationship between the husband and wife helps to ensure unity and success of the family. There is need to establish a good relationship between couples because this helps them in solving their marriage and family problems harmoniously. Statistics show that a family with good relationship among the partners will solve their problems harmoniously (Guest, 32). The reason for a couple to get married is to give each other mutual relationship where each ofShow MoreRelatedThe Reality of Married Life946 Words   |  4 PagesTHE REALITY OF MARRIED LIFE John J. Robinson in his book Of Suchness gives the following advice on love, sex and married life. Be careful and discreet; it is much easier to get married than unmarried. If you have the right mate, it s heavenly; but if not, you live in a twenty-four-hour daily hell that clings constantly to you, it can be one of the bitterest things in life. Life is indeed strange. 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B- Connecting information: Now if you start to think about you are one of those loneliness and it is time for you to find someone to live with.Read More Canterbury Tales Essay - Wife of Bath as an Attack on Married Life?1291 Words   |  6 PagesCanterbury Tales - Wife of Bath is Not an Attack on Women and Married Life Feminists have proposed that the Prologue of the Wife of Bath is merely an attack on women and married life. The Prologue is spoken by a woman with strong opinions on how married life should be conducted, but is written by a man. It is important to examine the purpose with which Chaucer wrote it. This is especially so as many of the pilgrims in The Canterbury Tales condemn themselves out of their own mouths, such asRead MoreSingle and Marrige Life1654 Words   |  7 Pagessingle life , which we called bheacelor or unmarried life. amp; who is sitting front of us the madam or teacher he has got a family as his own If I try to make some compirasson or difference between our teacher and me, the daily routine or thes schedule will be focused. Because um single and she has got a family,in that point im responsible just for my self and she has to responsible about lot of things. Its very easy to understand single and married life both are just the period of our life lineRead MoreClassified the Person That I Dont Want to Get Marry1269 Words   |  6 Pagesgetting married in their late ages are increasing from years to years. It’s not yet known whether today’s young adults are abonding marriage or merely delaying it. But, I do believe that people in our society, are waiting later to get married is because they are still looking for their perfect couple. There are so many aspects to be considered by the person before she or he get married with someone. In my opinion, it is general to tell people what type of guy that you want to get married but whenRead MoreFamily: the Foundation of a Strong Society1167 Words   |  5 Pagesbeneficial to society because it promotes the common good for children, adults, and society. The evidence exists to show that children who are raised by their biological, married parents are more likely to become happy, healthy, and morally upright citizens in the future. According to one study, â€Å"fathers who are involved in their child’s life produce children who have better emotional health, do better academically, and attain higher job status as adults† (Carlson, Corcoran 783). 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A Blind Man Makes Him See Free Essays

â€Å"Cathedral† (28) is Raymond Carver’s short story about the anticipation and fulfillment of one man’s encounter with his wife’s blind friend. The man, who is also the narrator, is wary of this rendezvous, having known no blind people in his own life up to that point. His ignorance is apparent as he thinks of blind people only from a cinematic perspective. We will write a custom essay sample on A Blind Man Makes Him See or any similar topic only for you Order Now He tells us â€Å"My idea of blindness came from the movies. In the movies the blind moved slowly and never laughed† (28). From his cynical and insecure tone, we can tell that the main character is a complacent man full of self-doubt with an inability to think outside of world that he knows. The narration, however, changes unexpectedly after the blind man has been at their home for the evening. He undergoes an epiphany as the blind man opens our narrator’s eyes to an existence he did not know was possible. The main character’s insecurity is underscored by his inability to acknowledge the significance of another man in his wife’s life, whether an ex-husband or simply an old friend. This is exemplified by the fact that he avoids mentioning the name of his wife’s ex-husband. While this may seem like a negligible factor, it would not be so important if the narrator did not make it aware that this omission of detail was entirely and defiantly intentional. He harps â€Å"Her officer—why should he have a name? He was the childhood sweetheart, and what more does he want? †(29). Additionally, during the visit he morosely sits and watches his wife and Robert, the blind man, converse hoping to hear her mention his name. â€Å"I waited in vain to hear my name on my wife’s sweet lips: â€Å"And then my dear husband came into my life† –something like that. But I heard nothing of the sort. More talk of Robert† (32). When the conversation does turn toward him, he at first cannot engage due to these insecurities and discomfort with the blind man. â€Å"From time to time, he’d turn his face toward me, put his hand under his beard, ask me something. How long I had been in my present position? (Three years. ) Did I like my work? (I didn’t. ) Was I going to stay with it? (What were the options? )† (33). Clearly our narrator is not thrilled with his life and does not care to do anything about it where as the blind man so far had a life that seemed more fulfilling in spite of his impairment. The narrator admits that Robert was â€Å"regular blind jack of all trades† (32). He also makes note of Robert’s ability to function as a normal human being – something he never realized was possible. Robert ate, drank, and smoked just like anyone else and could even tell if the TV was color or black and white. It is this attention to Robert’s ability to function that begins the narrator’s change. The narrator’s epiphany crystallizes with his attempt to describe the cathedrals appearing on a late-night television program to Robert. Robert suggests that the he draw the cathedral and envelops his hand as he draws in order to physically trace the silhouettes as they are drawn. The narrator is then instructed to close his eyes and keep drawing. At that moment, the narrator shares a commonplace with the blind man as they both trace the silhouettes of the drawing without being able to see. The narrator says â€Å"It was like nothing else in my life up to now† (37). Even after told to open his eyes and look at the picture he had drawn, the narrator does not. He says â€Å"My eyes were still closed. I was in my house. I knew that. But I didn’t feel like I was inside anything† (37). At that point the narrator is released from the captivity of his ignorance and insecurity. He was not impaired by his closed eyes as he was still able to draw the cathedral and even though he was at home, it is as if the confinement of walls and boundaries did not exist. It is at this point that he is able to see the way the blind man sees – without his eyes, with all other senses liberated. Work Cited Carver, Raymond. â€Å"Cathedral† The Norton Introduction To Literature. By Alison Booth and Kelly J. Mays. New York, 2010. 929-42. Print. How to cite A Blind Man Makes Him See, Essay examples

Lincoln Movie Response free essay sample

Lincoln Response Paper There is a lot that happened in the movie last week. Overall I liked it. It was interesting to see what it was like back then. Some of my favorite parts are where Lincoln tells his stories. I was watching it and paid attention to how he said it. In that very soft and slow tone, he told the members, with almost no emotion until the endings. If I remember right Lincoln woke some of his employees up around three a. m. to try to decide if he should pardon a young man who took off instead of Joining the war. They were going to hang a 16 year old for being scared. That was also another thing that thought was interesting. I looked up some reviews on the movie this weekend and saw that in some way it distorted history. Those people who said that werent alive when all of this happened so how would they know what happened or didnt happen. We will write a custom essay sample on Lincoln Movie Response or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I dont know why people would dislike this movie, in my eyes it is one of the best historical movies I have ever seen. Also I was not alive when this happened either but I believe that these actions showed were true. Political tactics plays a huge part in the government. There are many things you can do like bribery or straight up overpowering and Just winning arguments. Lincoln bribed men with Jobs. In doing this those men would cast their vote the way Lincoln wanted. If he didnt use a little deception to sway those that would have never passed the amendment, where would we be today? Another thing he did was to please the people. There were people who were very against owning slaves. They thought it wasnt fair to the blacks. Lincoln didnt Just say I want it now! like a little baby. He took everything one step at a time and never got ahead of himself. As my grandpa says Dont be counting your chickens before they hatch! Lincoln convinced them that ratifying the amendment would force the south into surrendering. This didnt work however. Lincoln said that southern voters would be unlikely to ratify this amendment, passing it and ratifying it before the war ended was needed. Although he hated slavery, Lincoln recognized how most of the northern people felt about slavery when he took office. He made the primary purpose f the war effort to end the rebellion and preserve the union of the states. Lincoln had to convince thousands of northern soldiers to be willing to fight and possibly die to end slavery. He also had to convince the northern public that freedom for the slaves was worth the sacrifice of the lives of their sons and fathers. He then had to convince the northern congressional democrats to go against their own reluctance to end slavery. He had to do all of this in the course of the most costly war the nation would ever endure. I feel Thaddeus Stephens was the most important person in the assage of the thirteenth amendment. I feel he was a strong and honest man. He did what he could with the power he had. He also had a special way to talk to people. There was something in the way he spoke to people. Stephens was important in the passage by knowing the things he wanted had to come at a later time. Thaddeus knew this wouldnt happen overnight. The things he wanted had to come one at a time and not all at once. Stephens was a radical republican which knew there My opinion on whether the president be able to exercise more power than congress is no. The president has his powers and congress has their powers. There are three branches of government that balance each other out. One person shouldnt have more power than one hundred people in the senate. I feel our country would be better off having a vote of one hundred than a vote of yes or no. One vote the other way could send our nation spiraling downwards. Who knows where we would be now if the president had more power than congress. Today it would be chaos, in the 1700s they wouldnt know what to do because it is still so new to them. If it was like hat today our president would be having a hay day creating new laws and rules we have to follow as the people of the United States. To finalize all of this Lincoln did all he could do in his power to change the minds of the opposing party. Thaddeus Stephens was a radical republican who would never back down from a fight. Our government doesnt need to be ran under one person only, one hundred people have a better chance of making this country strive than just one individual. Lincoln was a good movie and I enjoyed watching it even though I missed the first half.

Directors notes on Shawshank Redemption Essay Example

Directors notes on Shawshank Redemption Essay Example Directors notes on Shawshank Redemption Paper Directors notes on Shawshank Redemption Paper Essay Topic: Film The Shawshank Redemption The first week of film was very stressful as we had so much preparation to do. The murder scene dark to symbolise the dark hideous act of murder, which would create the uncertainty as to who actually committed the crime. The passionate music was added to show the contrast of the violent act of murder and the irony that there was romance but it was tainted in deception and lies. This challenges the audience as to who is actually guilty. The courtroom was bright white to create the strong contrast from the darkness of the opening scene, to show there was no where for Andy to hide. The bright white courtroom also created the feeling of a stage spotlight on Andy. I decided on a moving shot of the jury was used to show that they were all individuals and to make the audience feel like the jury also because through the film we have to decide if Andy is guilty and if he deserved his punishment. The murder scenes and the courtroom scenes were intertwined using a flashback technique to emphasise and remind the audience how horrific the crime was, showing how the past affects the present. Andy will always be haunted by these memories. The scene when Andy entered the prison and his first night as a prisoner pleased me; it turned out exactly the way I wanted. I think it is important for the audience to be aware of the harshness of a prison environment, a high moving shot gives an immense impression of a concrete building cut off from society, contrasting with everything outside the prison gates which were colourful and full of life whilst everything on the other side looked colourless and almost dead. I used a birds eye view shot to show hundreds of men shuffling in the same direction, showing how they were all institutionalised. A tilting shot of the men entering the prison through its high and imposing gates was a final reminder that when the doors closed behind them was a symbol of their destiny. The powerful contrast between the silence and the noise of the name calling was made to show the prisoners experience, first hand. The audiences first impressions of the warden were paramount. He was wearing a dark suit with a silver cross and clutched a bible, suggested he was a dark man but had religious beliefs. But when he spoke he sounded hard and cold as though hiding behind his religion. It felt right that the prisoners should have been seen as animals, being deprived of their dignity, while being hosed down and deloused naked, to make the audience feel uncomfortable. The first night was shown as the reality of it all with the lights gradually going out and only seeing shadows and silhouettes, everyone the same, criminals. The audience were to feel sorry for the new prisoners and to show that I added silence and darkness which made the heartless attack on the prisoner even more horrifying as he was only a scared human being. I think this is possibly my favourite scene. The scene when Andy meets the sisters and how they treated him was a difficult scene to shoot in many ways. It has some disturbing content that I had to think seriously about editing out. I did however feel it was crucial to show the brutality. That is why I decided to only hint what was happening to Andy, instead of actually showing the violence, I used a camera shot which slowly takes the audience away from the scene to show that there is nothing that they could do to help Andy just merely feel sympathy for him. This would subsequently make his innocence even more poignant. This seemed to fit in more with my overall vision for the film, by letting the audiences imagination take over and visualise the torment Andy would have to go through. Prison life is survival of fittest as they turn on each other to feel a sense of superiority. Using Morgan Freemans character Red as the voice over was an integral part of this film, which was meant to express the thoughts and feelings of the audience. Prison life wasnt easy and Andy overcame all these things and never lost hope of one day being free once again. This scene was the one were Tommy was killed, it wasnt my favourite to shoot but it has a huge impact on the film. Its always hard when you know a character has to die. The scene needed a lot of takes to try and make it as realistic as possible; we shot it in a dimly lit area with shadows to give the audience a sense of anxiety and suspicion. The yard would have been a place for the men to get away from the guards for a time. This was the purpose for the Warden taking Tommy there. It felt best that the Warden started with good news to relieve Tommy of worry, gave him a cigarette to manipulate Tommy into thinking the Warden wanted to create a calm atmosphere. That would suggest that there was an understanding between the two of them. A close up the Wardens and Tommys face was used to highlight that Tommy was being sincere unlike the Warden who wasnt. The Last scene concludes with the Warden looking up into night and nodding, as Tommy gazes up, the guard advances from the darkness and shoots him three times. A close up the Warden stubbing out his cigarette demonstrates how effortlessly he could extinguish someones life. A Long shot of the Warden giving his final look at Tommys corpse was effective so the audience would feel intimidated by the callous Warden and a sense filled with dread for Andys future. I was thrilled with the scene of Andys escape, particularly with the fusion of flashbacks and the voiceovers by Freeman. The two of them working together gives us a perception into the thought process behind Andys plan. He doesnt mention it to anyone, as discreet and as fastidious as he is. What makes Andys plan so brilliant is that, even the viewer doesnt know he has escaped until, you see the empty cell, because his last night is just like any other. When the Warden arrives, the cell has been torn apart. As the thrown stone echoes down the tunnel, its crucial because that is the precise moment when the Warden, Red and the guard realise Andys escape route. I felt the images of the escape tool in the press were symbolic of Andys victory. Captivating the audience was simple, using tense music, which exhibits the magnitude of Andys escape, gives us an insight into what he had to encounter and how intelligent and exact his plan was. It was difficult thinking about what was going to happen on the night of Andys escape, and then I had this idea about the weather. Having a thunder and lighting storm which would make the scene more dramatic and exciting, it also gave a vivid backdrop. It shows nature at its most violent mirroring Andys escape. Finally after a lot of consideration I decided that Andy would exit the 500 yards of sewage with the voiceover giving an insight into how atrocious it was. A high angle shot moving away from Andy meant that it gave the impression of him thanking God for his freedom as he elevates his hands. It is almost like he is leaving his past behind him, Andy the convicted murderer, going forth into the future as Andy, the successful escapee. The rain symbolizes his body and mind being cleansed of his sins. The Wardens words Its a miracle echoed to show that it actually was a miracle. The final scene were Andy and Red reunite, I think is the happiest in the whole movie. It was important that this music reflected Reds happiness. In the corn field he felt the sun in his face, the breeze in his hair, all these things most men take for granted. The long shot shows the big oak tree where Andy met his first love. The last shot of the vibrant blue ocean, the golden sandy beach, more than met Reds first expectations, with Andy and Red being the only two living souls on the beach. The majority of scenes and music in this scene were tense and dark until the last scene, where it in total contrast became vibrant, colourful and warm. I had several ideas for an alternative ending. When the Warden found out that Andy had set up an off shore bank accountant for himself and then got all his privileges and bricked up the library. The Warden then threw him into the hole where he spent the of his, slowly going insane. My chosen ending meant that justice had prevailed and after all the horrors both men eventually got their freedom. I feel that this film shows us that no matter what happens you have to have hope and faith that in the end you will be free.

Draconian Implies Cruelty

Draconian Implies Cruelty Draconian Implies Cruelty Draconian Implies Cruelty By Maeve Maddox During the recent Congressional gridlock regarding the federal budget, the word draconian has become a common epithet used to preface the words budget cuts, in the way the epithet powerful usually precedes Ways and Means Committee. How appropriate is the use of draconian to describe budget cuts? It depends. Asking the Pentagon to cut some of its $463 billion non-war related expenditures is not the same as cutting off a thiefs hand for stealing. Eliminating programs that are keeping people alive, on the other hand, might appropriately be called draconian. Apart from budget cuts, draconian is often used in contexts in which official procedures are seen as unnecessarily cruel or tyrannical: Over the past week, the unrest in the Middle East deepened, with growing protests in Bahrain and Libya, and more draconian measures by the countries’ leaders to quash the opposition. A new report this week from Human Rights Watch peers into Chinas Draconian and ineffective incarceration of people struggling with drug addiction. We are not going to take the draconian police measures necessary to deport 11 million people. Draconian new measure requires police to arrest anybody who cant prove they are a US citizen. Since 2005, a rather draconian law has been adopted to deal with offenders. Failure to pay a ticket results in the revocation of driving privileges in Quebec. Somali women complain of draconian Sharia restrictions. Draconian [drÄ -kÃ… nÄ“-É™n ] is an eponym, a word derived from a persons name: draconian (or draconic) of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Draco, archon at Athens in 621 B.C., or the severe code of laws said to have been established by him; rigorous, harsh, severe, cruel. OED Although draconian has come to mean unreasonably harsh, Dracos written code in which punishments were spelled out was seen at the time as being more just than arbitrary punishments inflicted by the local authority figure. According to legend, Dracos code prescribed death for most offenses. Plutarch passed along this much-quoted anecdote: It is said that Drakon himself, when asked why he had fixed the punishment of death for most offenses, answered that he considered these lesser crimes to deserve it, and he had no greater punishment for more important ones. I say according to legend because Ive read that in the only fragment of Dracos code that survives, exile (not death) is the punishment for homicide. Dracos name could have something to do with the fact that his code of laws entered Greek memory as being really really cruel: Greek dracon means dragon or serpent. Bottom line: draconian is a strong word that conveys disregard for the humane treatment of others. Its wasted as a mere synonym for extreme. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should KnowWhat is the Difference Between Metaphor and Simile?Preposition Mistakes #1: Accused and Excited

Film review the film is No Country For Old Man Essay

Film review the film is No Country For Old Man - Essay Example Although the Western Country terrain is a time-tested cinematic formula, the directors bring fresh perspectives to it. The acclaimed Western Classicism of past directors as Anthony Mann and Sam Peckinpah are presented within new frameworks. Tommy Lee Jones (Ed Tom Bell) plays the sheriff in a West Texas county, who increasingly grows wary of crime and violence in the region. As tension hangs about the county, a drug deal duel breaks out, in which several men are killed and a few others wounded. Josh Brolin (Llewelyn Moss) who finds himself caught in this swirl luckily escapes injury. More fortuitously, he gets possession of a satchel containing $2 millions, which he hordes away in his trailer park home. But when he returns to the scene to save a wounded man later that night, he is chased by two unknown persons and also loses his vehicle in the process. The tempo increases from this point on, as different parties attempt to get hold of the cash. Javier Bardem (Anton Chigurh) plays the role of a hitman hired to get back the satchel. Hence he starts his chase of Llewelyn Moss. Having already killed a police officer before, he is sought by Ed Tom Bell. Hence a triangle of targets is set up in the plot. The further encounters and the attendant suspicion between the three parties constitute the rest of the narrative. Although such a story line is not unique by any means, the screenplay and dialogue are crisply written and well-executed by the actors. Particularly impressive is the role of Anton Chigurh, played by Javier Bardem. As Houston Chronicle reviewer Amy Biancolli succinctly notes, â€Å"he is diabolical in this guise, and he would be even if he didn’t stroll through the movie plugging holes into foreheads with a compressed-air tank. Few actors can play single-mindedness as chillingly as Bardem...† (Biancolli, 2007) The screenplay is laced with a morbid, dark sense of humor, which goes well with the underlying plot structure. There are semblances to Texas Chainsaw Massacre, but in terms of symbolism and metaphor No Country is richer. Especially striking are metaphors of evil in the actions of the wrong-doers, who are earnestly pursued by the dutiful Sheriff, who comes across as a lone-ranger amid the litany of evil mongers running after quick money. Coen brothers need also be credited for their able handling of the novel form and its smooth adaptation onto screen. Given their poor track record of novel adaptations, this is an impressive and faithful work. Although gun violence is integral to the plot and the genre, there is too much of it during climax sequences. And as expected it is Anton Chigurh who is at the centre of much of the carnage. His shooting spree at times borders on the insane and the directors might have gone overboard in this respect. Tommy Lee Jones is the stand out actor among the cast, for though he could not prevent the killings or accomplish his mission, his commitment and moral authority is clearly vi sible. As the story marches towards its conclusion, there is evidence of despondency in Jones’ eyes, which is recognition of his failure to avert much of the transpired violence. In conclusion, the words of noted critic Ian Buckwalter serve as a suitable summary assessment of the merit of the movie: â€Å"But don't let the humor fool you.

Service Learning Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Service Learning Project - Essay Example Critical analysis of the major findings obtained through the discussion and development of an action plan have also been considered as the objectives in this paper. The services that are provided by DHA with its community organization of ‘Hidden Ridge Apartment’ majorly include ‘After School Programs’ to provide educational support through home study centers for both children and parents. Another service rendered by the organization is the ‘Resident Employment Program’ which principally concentrates on boosting the employment and educational opportunities within the society as well as rendering other support services (Dallas Housing Authority, 2007). The after school program for the children and parents are effective educational support which comprises of courses from preliminary level to high school courses rendered through the home study centers of DHA and its communities. The home study center also attempts to provide an instructive education facility after their schooling hours for five days in a week. The study center associated with its cooperative partner such as Dallas Ministries in order to provide educational supports to the community members (Dallas Housing Authority, 2007). The training services that are rendered by DHA are significantly emphasized on creating employment opportunities by assuring effective communication skill development programs through assessment testing, career counseling, placement support, job readiness exercises and so on for the young generation in the community. Additionally, the housing community also facilitates other beneficial guidance in terms of wealth management skills, personality development programs, and transportation assistance along with personal life improvement assistance (Dallas Housing Authority, 2007). DHA focuses on providing housing as well as other social facilities on a

Values Of Health And Social Care Social Work Essay

Values Of Health And Social Care Social Work Essay When working in health and social care, there are certain laws and policies which we have to follow. Some of them are the policies and procedures made by our organizations while some are rules and regulations set up by the government. Principle of practice means abiding by all of the rules; policies and procedures so as to fulfil the requirements which we need to follow in order to be an ideal professional in health and social care. VALUES OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE In health and social care, values are the beliefs and ideas that guide us about the way we are supposed to care for others. Examples from experience We can understand and learn more about the values in health and social care working as a care worker in different roles and settings. It is not mandatory that an individual should only be cared for in a nursing home or a residential home. It can even be his/her home. Different types of care settings are as follows: Primary care When someone notices the early symptoms of health disorder then they often visit the GPs. If the GPs find out that the case is rather more serious then the GP suggests that person to go to a specialist. However the individual can return to the GP for follow up care and monitoring of his disorder. Nursing treatments, physiotherapy, radiography and other specialist care may be undertaken at the GPs surgery. Hospital care Sometimes when the patients reach the later stages of a disease or if they need intensive care then they might be subjected to hospitals. Domiciliary care There is often a negative belief among the elderly people that they might not return home if they are sent to a care home or a hospital. In these cases, they want care to be provided in their own homes. When the care worker provides care by travelling to the clients home then it is called domiciliary care. Agencies that provide home care workers should be obliged under the 1973 Act and should make sure that the staffs have undergone proper training and should provide them with necessary equipments. A good agency will have a different department for recruitment and training of staffs and a different one for client enquiries. Domiciliary care can be a problematic process especially when a single care worker has to attend many clients. Residential care In the further stages of a disease, a patient needs to be under care 24 hours a day. Such people need to be sent to a residential care home where they can be looked after by a team of staffs. People with dementia, Alzheimers disease or arthritis need advanced care and hence they can be admitted to a nursing home. It is not necessary that every client in a residential care home is suffering from a disease. When families and relatives are unable to look after the elderly people in their home due to their busy schedules then also they may trust residential care homes to keep the elderly people. According to best care home awards, Morton Grange is Britains best residential care home in 2009. Requirements The requirements for maintaining the values of health and social care are as follows: Equality Different people have different needs. It is essential that the same principle of fairness is used to meet their needs. Therefore, the definition of equality is not only equal treatment of all the individuals but it the similar treatment of individuals in similar conditions. Let us suppose that in a hospital, there are a number of patients with a particular type of brain tumour. In this situation, they should be offered the same option for treatment even if their choices may differ based on a range of factors. Equal opportunities should always be available for everyone. Diversity The word diversity refers to the variations found in the characteristics and nature present among the individuals within a population. When we look at a population then we can notice that people are different from one another in their own ways. We can feel the differences in the language, religion, race, tradition, norms and values of people. For instance, According to National Statistics Online 2007, UK population consists of 71.7 % Christians, 3.1% Muslims, 1.1% Hindus, 0.6% Sikhs, 0.3% Jewish and 0.3% Buddhists. This statistics shows the diversity in religion of the UK population in 2007. As a care worker, it is important to realize the social context in order to understand our service users and accept diversity with all our hearts. Dignity According to the Social Care Institute for Excellence (2006), dignity refers to the state, quality or manner worthy of esteem or respect; and (by extension) self-respect. In the field of health and social care, one should not forget that every person has his own individuality. Being a care worker, one should intend to promote the self esteem of the service users and we should have a sense of respect for everybody regardless of any sort of differences in order to express that we value their dignity. Let us put forward the example of old people who tend to find happiness in small things such as the weather and flowers and try to maintain their dignity and self respect by remembering their past achievements. Listening to them and giving them priority can really help to enhance their dignity. Protect The values of health and social care are likely to be disturbed in some cases. The steps to be considered in order to protect the values in health and social care are: Taking account of limitations We have got our own sets of rights but this sometimes while using our rights we might forget what our limits are. If we forget our limits then we may be successful in hurting other peoples feelings and also violate their rights. Suppose somebody is a popular author. He has the right to express his views, ideas and creativity through his works. However, this does not necessarily mean that he can write negative things about people of a particular group or culture. He cannot mix something like racism in his writings and hurt others. That is not his right. Hence, we should take account of our limitations. Use relationships to promote rights Gilchrist (1992) suggests a number of ways to ensure that discrimination does not exists in our society, they are: Recognise prejudice and discriminatory practice that it can lead to; Value diversity; Understand a need to find ways to empower others; Combat discrimination and encourage others to combat discrimination; Reflect on the organisation and the policies, procedures, practices and facilities which might support anti discriminatory practices. Impact of discrimination on others The unequal treatment and attitude that we show to others is known as an act of discrimination. People can discriminate on the basis of sex, religion, social class, ethnicity, race, etc. We have to abide by the anti-discriminatory acts such as sex discrimination act, Race Relations Act, etc. because discrimination can have only negative impact on the following aspects: Identity When someone is discriminated then he/she may start losing the honour which should possess regarding their identities. For example, when someone is discriminated on the basis of his religion then he may adapt some other religion just to be accepted by others. Self-esteem and confidence Discriminatory acts hinder ones dignity and decrease ones willingness to participate in social activities. For example, due to the sexual discrimination faced by gays, lesbians and transgendered people, they grow up feeling isolated and conscious about difference between them and others. According to www.citizenship.ahsonline.co.uk, over 70% of transsexuals have contemplated suicide in their lives. Colleen Rothwell-Murray. Commissioning domiciliary care: a practical guide to purchasing services. 2000. Oxon: Radcliffe Medical Press Ltd. Sue Cuthbert, Jan Quallington, Values for care practice. 2008. Devon: Reflect Press Ltd. www.pressdispensary.co.uk

Signal Conditioning of Thermistor

Introduction Signal conditioning of thermistor Signal conditioning means manipulating an analogue signal in such a way that it meets the requirements of the next stage for further processing. Operational amplifiers(op-amps) are commonly employed to carry out the amplification of the signal in the signal conditioning stage. The signal conditioning equipment may be required to do linear processes like amplification, attenuation, integration, differentiation, addition and subtraction.They are also required to do non-linear processes like modulation, demodulation, sampling, filtering, clipping and clamping squaring, linealizing or multiplification by another function etc. the signal conditioning or data acquisition equipment in many a situation be an excitation and amplification system for passive transducer. It may be an amplification system for active transducer. In both the applications, the transducer output is brought up to a sufficient level to make it useful for conversion, proces sing, indicating and recording.Excitation is needed for passive transducers because these transducers do not generate their own voltage or current. Therefore passive transducers like strain gauges, potentiometers, resistance thermometers, inductive and capacitive transducers required excitation from external sources. The active transducers like techno generators, thermocouples, inductive pick ups and piezo-electric crystals. The thermistor constitute one arm or more than one arm of a wheatstone bridge which is excited by an isolated DC source. The bridge can be balanced by a potentiometer and can also be calibrated for unbalanced conditions.Thermistor is a concentration of the term â€Å"Thermal Resistor†. It is essentially a semiconductor, which behaves as a resistor with a high negative temperature coefficient of resistance. That is, as the temperature of the thermistor increases, its resistance decreases. The temperature co-efficient is expressed in ohms per unit change in degree Celsius ( ° C). thermistors with high temperature co-efficient of resistance are more sensitive to temperature change and are therefore well suited to temperature measurement and control.CONTENTS  ¦OBJECTIVE  ¦EXPLAINATION 1. WHEATSTONE BRIDGE 2. THERMISTOR 3. OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER 4. INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER  ¦METHODOLOGY  ¦SCOPE 1. Wheatstone bridge: Whetstone bridge is the most accurate method available for measuring resistances and is popular for laboratory use. The circuit diagram of typical Wheatstone bridge is given in figure Rx is the unknown resistance to be measured; R, R2 and R^ are resistors of known resistance and the resistance of R2 is adjustable.If the ratio of the two resistances in the known leg (R2 / R) is equal to the ratio of the two in the unknown leg (Rx / R3), then the voltage between the two midpoints (B and D) will be zero and no current will flow through the galvanometer Vg. R2 is varied until this condition is reached. The direction of the current indicates whether R2 is too high or too low. Detecting zero current can be done to extremely high accuracy (see galvanometer). Therefore, if R, R2 and R3 are known to high precision, then Rx can be measured to high precision.Very small changes in Rx disrupt the balance and are readily detected. At the point of balance, the ratio of R2 / R = Rx / R3 Therefore, Alternatively, if R, R2, and R3 are known, but R2 is not adjustable, the voltage difference across or current flow through the meter can be used to calculate the value of Rx, using Kirchoff s Circuit laws (also known as Kirchhoff s rules). This setup is frequently used in strain gauge and resistance thermometer measurements, as it is usually faster to read a voltage level off a meter than to adjust a resistance to zero the voltage.In practical Wheatstone bridge, at least one of the resistance is made adjustable, to permit balancing. When the bridge is balanced, the unknown resistance (normally connected at Rx) may b e determined from the setting of the adjustable resistor, which is called a standard resistor because it is a precision device having very small tolerance. Rx= (R2/R1). R3 APPLICATION OF WHEATSTONE BRIDGE: A Wheatstone bridge may be used to measure the DC resistance of various types of wire, either for the purpose of quality control of the wire itself or of some assembly in which it is used.For example, the resistance of motor winding, transformers, solenoids, relay coils and resistance of thermistor, RTD also can be measured. PRINCIPLE Resistance of thermistor changes with change in temperature. Resistance of thermistor decreases with increase in temperature while resistance of thermistor increases with decrease in temperature. It is a thermally sensitive resistor. FORMULA:- Rti = Rt2Exp[ p (1 / T1 – 1 / T2) ] Where,RT]= resistance of thermistor at absolute temp. Tl °k RT2= resistance of thermistor at absolute temp. T2 °k P= a constant depending upon the material of the thermistor (Typically between 3500 °k to 4500 °k)CONSTRUCTION:- Thermistors are composed of sintered mixture of metallic oxides such as Manganese, Nickel, Cobalt, Copper, Iron and Uranium. They are available in a variety of sizes and shapes. They may be in the form of beads, roads and discs. WORKING:- A thermistor change in electrical resistance due to a corresponding temperature change is evident whether the thermistor's body temperature is changes as result of conduction or radiation from the surrounding environment or due to self heating brought about by power dissipation within the device. THEORY:- .Thermistor is a concentration of the term ‘Thermal Resistor†. It is essentially a semiconductor which behaves as a resistor with a high negative temperature coefficient of resistance. That is, as the temperature of the thermistor increases, its resistance decreases. The temperature co-efficient is expressed in ohms per unit change in degree celcius ( ° C). thermisto rs with high temperature co-efficient of resistance are more sensitive to temperature change and are therefore well suited to temperature measurement and control. Thermistors are available in a wide variety of shapes and sizes.However, thermistor beads sealed in the tips of glass rods are most commonly used because they are relatively easy to mount TYPES OF THERMISTOR:- 1]PTC 2]NTC NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) It implies that the resistance of thermistor decreases with increases in its temperature. These thermistors can detect changes in temperature, which could not be observed with RTD's or Thermocouple circuits. NTC type thermistors mostly used in industry. Resistance of thermistor is used in industry is 2. 2 k Q. for temperature 30 °C. It's cost near about Rs. 10-15 SPECIFICATION:- *Range(? ): 50-300 *Accuracy : ± 1 *Resolution: 0. 01 ? C *Scale: Non-Linear *Thermister Constant: 4000? K OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIRES: One type of amplifier, which finds its way into almost a ll points of measurement and instrumentation system, is the operational amplifier. The word operational indicates that the amplifier can perform mathematical operations like inversion addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, integration and differentiation etc. Properties of ideal operational amplifier are: 1. It should have an infinite input impedance. 2. It should have zero output impedance. 3.It should have an infinite gain (gain of the order of 105 to 109) 4. It should have flat response over a wide frequency range. The operational amplifier consists of a very high gain amplifier with a negative > feedback. The gain of operational amplifier with negative feedback is determined by feedback components and not by the internal amplifier circuitry. APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER: Some of the important applications of an op-amp are: 1. Amplifiers 2. Active filters 3. Arithmetic circuits 4. Log and antilog amplifiers 5. Voltage comparators 6. Waveform generators 7.Precis ion rectifiers 8. Multipliers 9. Timers 10. Multivibrators 11. Regulated power supplies Operational amplifier characteristics: 1. Input offset voltage : The input offset voltage is defined as the voltage that must be applied to the input terminals to drive the output to zero. This is about 2mV for 741 amplifier. It should be understand thet the offset voltage changes with temperature. 2. Input offset current: just as a voltage offset may be required across the input to make the output voltage zero, so a net current may be required between the inputs to zero the output voltage.This current is called input offset current. This is equal to the difference between the two input currents. 3. Input bias current: It is defined as the mean of the two input currents required to make the output voltage zero. 4. Slew rate: it is the highest rate at which the output can change, it is expressed in terms of v/jiS. 5. Unity gain frequency: in many cases, specifications include the frequency respons e including unity gain frequency. This is the frequency at which the open loop gain of the amplifier becomes unity. The low frequency gain is about 20,000 and falls to unity at about 1MHz. he amplifier is said to have a 1 MHz gain bandwidth produt. 6. Common mode rejection ratio (CMMR): it is defined as the ratio of differential gain to common mode gain. CMRR is infinite for ideal op-amp. Thus the output voltage corresponding to the common mode noise is zero. IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OP-AMP: 1. Gain is maximum. 2. Input impedence should be infinite. 3. Output impedence should be zero. 4. CMRR should be infinite. 5. Bandwidth should be infinite. TYPICAL VALUES OF OP- AMP: 1. Input offset voltage:  ± 6mV. 2. Input offset current:  ±200nAmp 3. Input bias current:  ±7nAmp 4.Differential input resistance/impedence: 2m CI 5. Input impedence for 741 (FET op-amp): 1000 G Q 6. Output impedence: 75 Q. 7. Gain: 2 lakhs 8. Output voltage swing: 26Vpp 9. Supply current: 2. 8 mAmp APPLICATI ONS:- 1. It is used in lab and medical purpose. 2. PTC type thermistors are used to protect the motor from overheating. 3. It gives very accurate reading at high temperature. 4. For measurement of level pressure, flow of the liquid, composition of gases, thermal conductivity and vaccum measurement. UA741 General-purpose single operational amplifier UA741 General-purpose single operational amplifierFeatures * Large input voltage range * No latch-up * High gain * Short-circuit protection * No frequency compensation required * Same pin configuration as the UA709 Applications * Summing amplifiers * Voltage followers * Integrators * Active filters * Function generators Description The UA741 is a high performance monolithic operational amplifier constructed on a single silicon chip. It is intended for a wide range of analog applications. N DIP8 (plastic package) D SO-8 (plasticmicropackage) Pin connections (top view) 2 – Inverting input 3 – Non-inverting input 4 – VCC - 5 – Offset null 2 6 – Output 7 -Vcc+ – N. C. The high gain and wide range of operating voltages provide superior performances in integrator, summing amplifier and general feedback applications. The internal compensation network (6 dB/octave) ensures stability in closed- loop circuits. 1/11 www. st. com Schematic diagram 1 Schematic diagram UA741 Figure 1. Schematic diagram Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions 2 Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions Table 1. Absolute maximum ratings Symbol| Parameter| Value| Unit| Vcc| Supply voltage|  ±22| V| Vid| Differential input voltage|  ±30| V| Vi| Input voltage|  ±15| V| Output short-circuit duration| Infinite| | Rthja| Thermal resistance junction to ambient SO-8 DIP8| 125 85|  °C/W| Rthjc| Thermal resistance junction to case SO-8 DIP8| 40 41 |  °C/W| ESD| HBM: human body model(1) DIP package SO package| 500 400| V| | MM: machine model(2)| 100| V| | CDM: charged device model(3)| 1. 5| kV| Tstg| Storage temperature range| -65 to +150|  °C| 1. Human body model: a 100 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged through a 1. 5kfl! resistor between two pins of the device. This is done for all couples of connected pin combinations while the other pins are floating. . Machine model: a 200 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged directly between two pins of the device with no external series resistor (internal resistor < 5 n). This is done for all couples of connected pin combinations while the other pins are floating. UA741 3. Charged device model: all pins and the package are charged together to the specified voltage and then discharged directly to the ground through only one pin. This is done for all pins. 4. 4. INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER: The low level signal output of electrical transducers often need to be mplified before further processing. This is done by the use of instrumentation amplifier. The important features of instrumentation amplifier are as follows. 1. Selectable gain with high gain accuracy and gain linearity. 2. Differential input capability with high gain common mode rejection. 3. High stability of gain with low temperature co-efficient. 4. low DC offset and drift errors referred to input. 5. low output impedance. The input amplifiers A[ and A2 act as input buffers with unity gain for common mode signals ecm and with a gain of (1+2R2/Ri) for differential signals.A high input impedance is ensured by the non-inverting configuration in which they operate. The common mode (cm) rejection is achieved by the following stage which is connected as a differential amplifier. The optimum common mode rejection can be obtained by adjusting R6 or R7 ensuring that Ei – Ei R4 R6 The amplifier A3 can also be made to have some nominal gain for the whole amplifier by an appropriate selection or R4, R5, R6 and R7. The drift errors of the second stage add to the product of the drift errors of t he first amplifier and first stage gain.Hence, it is necessary that the gain in the first stage be enough to prevent the overall drift performance from being significantly affected by the drift in the second stage. The drift problem of instrumentation amplifier can be improved if amplifiers Ai and A2 have offset voltages, which tends to track the temperature. The gain of an instrumentation amplifier can be varied by changing R{ alone. A high gain accuracy can be obtained by using precision metal film resistors for all the resistance. Figure shows a simplified differential instrumentation amplifier using a transducer bridge.A resistive transducer, thermistor, whose resistance changes as a function of some physical quantity such as temperature is connected in one arm of the bridge and is denoted by (Rr  ± A R), where RT is the resistance of the thermistor and delta R is the change in the Generally, resistors Ra, Rb and Rc are selected so that they are equal in value to the transduce r resistance RT at some reference condition. The bridge is balanced initially at a desired reference condition. However, as the temperature changes, the resistance of the thermistor also changes causing the bridge to unbalance (Va 4- Vb).The output voltage of the bridge can be expressed as a function of the change in the resistance of the thermistor. Let the change in resistance of the thermistor be delta R. since Rb and Rc are fixed resistors, the voltage Vb is constant. However, voltage Va varies as a function of the change in thermistor resistance. Therefore The negative sign in this equation indicates that Va

Gender Identity Paper Psy 340 - 816 Words

Gender Identity Gender is defined as being male or female as defined by roles, social status, and attitude. The perception of oneself and what characterizes gender identity. Included in gender identity is hormone and behavior interaction, along with the examination of psychological, biological, and environmental influences on sexual separation. Interaction between hormones and behavior has shown to be linked to higher aggression and hostility. The aggression found relates to sexual maturation and genetic characteristics. Androgens and testosterone are major influences of aggression. Hormones affect behavior and emotions. These aggressive effects can stem from contemporaneous organizational influences. Hormones are chemicals that†¦show more content†¦Hormones are also associated with sexual characteristics and function at different levels from infancy to adulthood. Puberty triggers a specific gender and one will attract to the opposite sex (normally). According to Hetheringto n and Parke (2002), studies of brain imaging identified that in female bilateralism there were greater amounts of blood flow. The male brain reflects greater lateralization attributing to a higher success rate in spatial tasks and mathematics. Freud theorized an explanation to the existence of gender-linked behavior. His model theorized that the process of identification, gender schema, and cognitive social learning theory. Freud’s theories were a bit bizarre with the fact of boys having sexual feelings for their mothers and girls feeling inadequate due to lack of boy’s reproductive organs. Kohlberg used cognitive developmental theory that stated that at an early age, children use behavior and physical features of a person to determine gender. Environmentally, a child’s experiences impact gender identity. Depending on family values or morals, a child could be confused by their gender. When a baby is born, there is much control on colors (if boy or girl) and idea s of the parents on how they would want to raise their daughter or son. For an example, a father would treat his son in a rough or unemotional way, while a girl would be protected and nurtured. Known as traditional roles, a boy doesn’t cry or play with dolls, but he can rollShow MoreRelatedHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesand federal government reports are all examples of the administrative nature of HR management. These activities must be performed efficiently and promptly. However, this role resulted in HR management in some organizations getting the reputation of paper shufflers who primarily tell managers and employees what cannot be done. If limited to the administrative role, HR staff are seen primarily as clerical and lower-level administrative contributors to the organization.14 Chapter 1 Changing NatureRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 Pages 10 ‘‘(B) be authoritative, permitting no addi- 11 tions or constraints for electronic transactions, 12 including companion guides; 13 ‘‘(C) be comprehensive, efficient and ro- 14 bust, requiring minimal augmentation by paper 15 transactions or clarification by further commu- 16 nications; ‘‘(D) enable the real-time (or near real- 18 time) determination of an individual’s financial 19 responsibility at the point of service and, to the 20 extent

Definition and Examples of Kennings in English

A kenning is a  figurative expression, usually compound in form, that is used in place of a name or noun, especially in Old English. Kenning as Metaphor The kenning has been described as a kind of compressed metaphor with the referent suppressed. Commonly used kennings in Old English and Norse poetry include whale-road (for sea), sea-horse (for ship), and iron-shower (for the rain of spears or arrows during a battle). Examples Old English poetry used a special poetic vocabulary. . . . [The word] ban-cofa (n) had a special meaning: its two elements were bone-den, but it meant body. Such an expression is a paraphrase, a reference to a thing by concentration on one of its attributes. A person could be called a reord-berend (speech-bearer) because speech is uniquely human. This device of paraphrase was frequent in Old English poetry, and it goes now by the name (borrowed from Old Norse) of kenning.(W.F. Bolton, A Living Language: The History and Structure of English. Random House, 1982)The poets loved kennings because they were opportunities to vary their descriptions when they told long stories of heroes and battles. . . .So, what could a ship be? A wave floater, sea goer, sea-house or sea steed. And the sea? A seal bath, fish home, swan road or whale way. Anything could be described using a kenning. A woman is a peace-weaver, a traveller is an earth-walker, a sword is a wolf of wounds, the sun is a sky candl e, the sky is the curtain of the gods, blood is battle sweat or battle icicle. There are hundreds more. (David Crystal, The Story of English in 100 Words. St. Martins Press, 2012) Circumlocutions The poets of medieval Scandinavia developed a system of naming by circumlocution, or kennings, which they could expand to a dizzying degree of complexity. They might call the sea earth of the fish. Next, they could replace the word fish by the expression snake of the fjord. Then, they might substitute for fjord the phrase bench of the ship. The result was a strange, prolix thing: earth of the snake of the bench of the ship--which, of course, simply meant sea. But only those familiar with the conceits of poetry would know it.(Daniel Heller-Roazen, Learn to Talk in Beggars’ Cant. The New York Times, August 18, 2013) Contemporary Kennings We clearly see kenning variation . . . in the seventh of the sequence Glanmore Sonnets in [Seamus] Heaneys next volume, Field Work [1979], when names of the BBC Radio 4 shipping forecast (itself possessing the sonority of a formulaic catalogue from early heroic poetry) prompt the poet to expand on the metaphor in the Old English kenning for the sea hronrad (whale-road, Beowulf, l. 10): Sirens of the tundra,Of eel-road, seal-road, keel-road, whale-road, raiseTheir wind-compounded keen behind the baizeAnd drive the trawlers to the lee of Wicklow. . . . Heaney performs variation not just on the concept signified, but on the signifier itself, echoing the hypnotic chant of the shipping forecast. (Chris Jones, Strange Likeness: The Use of Old English in Twentieth-Century Poetry. Oxford University Press, 2006) Etymologyfrom the Old Norse, to know Pronunciation: KEN-ing